Thalomid
Generic Formulation: THALIDOMIDE
Regulatory Registrant: Celgene Corporation
Related NDC Products
| NDC Code | Dosage Form | Route | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 59572-205 | CAPSULE | ORAL | NDA |
| 59572-210 | CAPSULE | ORAL | NDA |
| 59572-215 | CAPSULE | ORAL | NDA |
| 59572-220 | CAPSULE | ORAL | NDA |
Indications & Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE • THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). ( 1.1 ) • THALOMID is indicated for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). THALOMID is not indicated as monotherapy for such ENL treatment in the presence of moderate to severe neuritis. THALOMID is also indicated as maintenance therapy for prevention and suppression of the cutaneous manifestations of ENL recurrence. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Multiple Myeloma THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . 1.2 Erythema Nodosum Leprosum THALOMID is indicated for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). THALOMID is not indicated as monotherapy for such ENL treatment in the presence of moderate to severe neuritis. THALOMID is also indicated as maintenance therapy for prevention and suppression of the cutaneous manifestations of ENL recurrence [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ].
Dosage & Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • MM: 200 mg orally once daily. The recommended dose of dexamethasone is 40 mg/day on days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 every 28 days. ( 2.2 ) • ENL: 100 to 300 mg/day for an episode of cutaneous ENL. Up to 400 mg/day for severe cutaneous ENL. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Required Baseline Testing Drug prescribing to females of reproductive potential is contingent upon initial and continued negative results of pregnancy testing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 and 5.2) ] . THALOMID must only be administered in compliance with all of the terms outlined in the THALOMID REMS program. THALOMID may only be prescribed by prescribers certified with the THALOMID REMS program and may only be dispensed by pharmacists certified with the THALOMID REMS program. 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Multiple Myeloma The recommended dose of THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone is 200 mg once daily (in 28-day treatment cycles) orally with water, preferably at bedtime and at least 1 hour after the evening meal. The dose of dexamethasone is 40 mg daily administered orally on days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 every 28 days. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Erythema Nodosum Leprosum The recommended dose of THALOMID for an episode of cutaneous ENL is 100 to 300 mg/day once daily orally with water, preferably at bedtime and at least 1 hour after the evening meal. Initiate dosing for patients weighing less than 50 kilograms at the low end of the dose range. Consider dosing in the higher dosage range for patients with a severe cutaneous ENL reaction, or in those who have previously required higher doses to control the reaction (possibly up to 400 mg/day) once daily at bedtime or in divided doses with water, at least 1 hour after meals. Consider concomitant use of corticosteroids in patients with moderate to severe neuritis associated with a severe ENL reaction. Steroid usage can be tapered and discontinued when the neuritis has ameliorated. Continue dosing with THALOMID until signs and symptoms of active reaction have subsided, usually a period of at least 2 weeks. Patients may then be tapered off medication in 50 mg decrements every 2 to 4 weeks. Patients who have a documented history of requiring prolonged maintenance treatment to prevent the recurrence of cutaneous ENL or who flare during tapering should be maintained on the minimum dose necessary to control the reaction. Tapering off medication should be attempted every 3 to 6 months, in decrements of 50 mg every 2 to 4 weeks. 2.4 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Interrupt THALOMID for constipation, somnolence, or peripheral neuropathy. Consider a reduced dose upon resumption of treatment. Consider dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation in patients who develop National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions and/or based on clinical judgment. Permanently discontinue THALOMID for angioedema, anaphylaxis, Grade 4 rash, skin exfoliation, bullae, or any other severe dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12 and 5.16) ] .
Warnings & Precautions
WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. EMBRYO -FETAL TOXICITY • If THALOMID is taken during pregnancy, it can cause severe birth defects or embryo-fetal death. THALOMID should never be used by females who are pregnant or who could be pregnant while taking the drug. Even a single dose [1 capsule (regardless of strength)] taken by a pregnant woman during her pregnancy can cause severe birth defects. • Pregnancy must be excluded before start of treatment. Prevent pregnancy thereafter by the use of two reliable methods of contraception. ( 5.1 , 8.3 ) THALOMID is only available through a restricted distribution program, the THALOMID REMS ® program ( 5.2 ). VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM • Significant increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving THALOMID with dexamethasone ( 5.3 ). EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY If THALOMID is taken during pregnancy, it can cause severe birth defects or embryo-fetal death. THALOMID should never be used by females who are pregnant or who could become pregnant while taking the drug. Even a single dose [1 capsule (regardless of strength)] taken by a pregnant woman during her pregnancy can cause severe birth defects. Because of this toxicity and in an effort to make the chance of embryo-fetal exposure to THALOMID as negligible as possible, THALOMID is approved for marketing only through a special restricted distribution program: THALOMID REMS program, approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Information about THALOMID and the THALOMID REMS program is available at www.thalomidrems.com or by calling the REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436. VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM The use of THALOMID in multiple myeloma results in an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This risk increases significantly when THALOMID is used in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents including dexamethasone. In one controlled trial, the rate of venous thromboembolism was 22.5% in patients receiving THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone compared to 4.9% in patients receiving dexamethasone alone (p = 0.002). Patients and physicians are advised to be observant for the signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. Instruct patients to seek medical care if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or arm or leg swelling. Consider thromboprophylaxis based on an assessment of individual patients' underlying risk factors.
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other labeling sections: • Teratogenicity [see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2) , and Patient Counseling Information (17) ] • Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism [see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , and Patient Counseling Information (17) ] • Increased Mortality in Patients with MM When Pembrolizumab Is Added to a Thalidomide Analogue and Dexamethasone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] • Drowsiness and Somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Peripheral Neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Dizziness and Orthostatic Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] • Neutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] • Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] • Increased HIV Viral Load [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] • Bradycardia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] • Severe Cutaneous Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] • Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] • Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] • Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] • MM: The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) are fatigue, hypocalcemia, edema, constipation, neuropathy-sensory, dyspnea, muscle weakness, leukopenia, neutropenia, rash/desquamation, confusion, anorexia, nausea, anxiety/agitation, asthenia, tremor, fever, weight loss, thrombosis/embolism, neuropathy-motor, weight gain, dizziness, and dry skin. ( 6.1 ) • ENL: The most common adverse reactions (≥ 10%) are somnolence, rash, and headache. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS or embryo-fetal exposure: contact Bristol Myers Squibb at 1-800-721-5072 or 1-888-423-5436, respectively, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Most patients taking THALOMID can be expected to experience adverse reactions. Adverse Reactions in Multiple Myeloma Controlled Clinical Trials The safety analyses were conducted in two controlled clinical studies (Study 1 and Study 2). The safety analysis in Study 1 was conducted on 204 patients who received treatment. Table 1 lists the most common adverse reactions (≥ 10%). The most frequently reported adverse reactions were fatigue, hypocalcemia, edema, constipation, sensory neuropathy, dyspnea, muscle weakness, leukopenia, neutropenia, rash/desquamation, confusion, anorexia, nausea, anxiety/agitation, tremor, fever, weight loss, thrombosis/embolism, neuropathy-motor, weight gain, dizziness, and dry skin. Twenty-three percent of patients (47/204) discontinued due to adverse reactions; 30% (31/102) from the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and 16% (16/102) from the dexamethasone alone arm. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥10% of Patients in the THALOMID/Dexamethasone Arm (Study 1 - Safety Population; N=204) Body System Adverse Reaction Thal + Dex* (N=102) Dex Alone* (N=102) All Grades n (%) Grade 3/4 n (%) All Grades n (%) Grade 3/4 n (%) * Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported in ≥10% of patients in THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and with a ≥1% difference in the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm compared to the dexamethasone alone arm. Metabolic/Laboratory 97 (95) 33 (32) 96 (94) 30 (29) Hypocalcemia 73 (72) 11 (11) 60 (59) 5 (5) Neurology 92 (90) 30 (29) 76 (74) 18 (18) Neuropathy-sensory 55 (54) 4 (4) 28 (28) 1 (1) Confusion 29 (28) 9 (9) 12 (12) 3 (3) Anxiety/agitation 26 (26) 1 (1) 14 (14) 3 (3) Tremor 26 (26) 1 (1) 6 (6) 0 (0) Neuropathy-motor 22 (22) 8 (8) 16 (16) 5 (5) Dizziness/ lightheadedness 20 (20) 1 (1) 14 (14) 0 (0) Depressed level of consciousness 16 (16) 3 (3) 3 (3) 3 (3) Constitutional Symptoms 91 (89) 19 (19) 84 (82) 16 (16) Fatigue 81 (79) 17 (17) 72 (71) 13 (13) Fever 24 (24) 1 (1) 20 (20) 3 (3) Weight loss 23 (23) 1 (1) 21 (21) 2 (2) Weight gain 22 (22) 1 (1) 13 (13) 0 (0) Blood/Bone Marrow 88 (86) 29 (29) 96 (94) 19 (19) Leukocytes (decreased) 36 (35) 6 (6) 30 (29) 3 (3) Neutrophils (decreased) 32 (31) 10 (10) 24 (24) 10 (10) Gastrointestinal 83 (81) 22 (22) 70 (69) 8 (8) Constipation 56 (55) 8 (8) 29 (28) 1 (1) Anorexia 29 (28) 4 (4) 25 (24) 2 (2) Nausea 29 (28) 5 (5) 23 (22) 1 (1) Mouth dryness 12 (12) 1 (1) 6 (6) 0 (0) Cardiovascular 70 (69) 37 (36) 60 (59) 21 (21) Edema 58 (56) 6 (6) 47 (46) 4 (4) Thrombosis/embolism 23 (22) 21 (21) 5 (5) 5 (5) Pain 64 (63) 10 (10) 66 (65) 15 (15) Myalgia 17 (17) 0 (0) 14 (14) 1 (1) Arthralgia 13 (13) 0 (0) 10 (10) 2 (2) Pulmonary 52 (51) 19 (19) 51 (50) 20 (20) Dyspnea 43 (42) 13 (13) 32 (31) 15 (15) Dermatology/Skin 48 (47) 5 (5) 35 (34) 2 (2) Rash/desquamation 31 (30) 4 (4) 18 (18) 2 (2) Dry skin 21 (21) 0 (0) 11 (11) 0 (0) Hepatic 47 (46) 7 (7) 45 (44) 4 (4) Bilirubin 14 (14) 2 (2) 10 (10) 2 (2) Musculoskeletal 42 (41) 9 (9) 41 (40) 14 (14) Muscle weakness 41 (40) 6 (6) 38 (37) 13 (13) The safety analysis in Study 2 was conducted on 466 patients who received treatment. Table 2 lists the most common adverse reactions (≥10%) that were observed. Table 3 lists the most common Grade 3/4 adverse reactions (occurring at >2%) that were observed. The adverse reactions most often reported by patients treated with THALOMID/dexamethasone were constipation, peripheral edema, tremor, asthenia, dizziness and fatigue. Adverse reactions with a frequency at least 2-fold higher in the THALOMID/dexamethasone group than in the placebo/dexamethasone group include constipation, tremor, deep vein thrombosis and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Twenty-six percent of patients (121/466) discontinued due to adverse reactions; 37% (86/234) from the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and 15% (35/232) from the placebo/dexamethasone arm. Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥10% of Patients in the THALOMID/Dexamethasone Arm (Study 2 - Safety Population; N=466) Body System Adverse Reaction Thal/Dex (N=234)* n (%) Placebo/Dex (N=232)* n (%) *All adverse reactions reported in ≥10% of patients in THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and with a ≥1% difference in proportion of patients between the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm compared to the placebo/dexamethasone arm. NOS = not otherwise specified. Patients with at least 1 Adverse Reaction 233 (99) 230 (99) General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions 176 (75) 149 (64) Edema peripheral 80 (34) 57 (25) Asthenia 56 (24) 47 (20) Fatigue 50 (21) 36 (16) Edema NOS 31 (13) 19 (8) Gastrointestinal Disorders 162 (69) 149 (64) Constipation 116 (50) 49 (21) Nausea 30 (13) 27 (12) Dyspepsia 27 (11) 21 (9) Nervous System Disorders 161 (69) 138 (60) Tremor 62 (26) 29 (12) Dizziness 51 (23) 32 (14) Paresthesia 27 (12) 15 (6) Peripheral sensory neuropathy 24 (10) 12 (5) Infections and Infestations 139 (59) 138 (60) Pneumonia NOS 35 (15) 28 (12) Psychiatric Disorders 90 (38) 97 (42) Anxiety 27 (12) 22 (10) Depression 24 (10) 19 (8) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders 96 (41) 89 (38) Hyperglycemia NOS 36 (15) 32 (14) Vascular Disorders 92 (39) 53 (23) Deep vein thrombosis 30 (13) 4 (2) Table 3: Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions Reported in >2% of Patients in the THALOMID/Dexamethasone Arm (Study 2 - Safety Population; N=466) Body System Adverse Reaction THALOMID/Dex (N=234)* n (%) Placebo/Dex (N=232)* n (%) * All Grade 3/4 adverse reactions with >2% of patients in THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and with a higher frequency in the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm compared to the placebo/dexamethasone arm. NOS = not otherwise specified. Infections and Infestations 50 (21) 36 (16) Pneumonia NOS 17 (7) 14 (6) Bronchopneumonia NOS 7 (3) 3 (1) General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions 44 (19) 26 (11) Asthenia 11 (5) 4 (2) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders 33 (14) 34 (15) Hypokalemia 7 (3) 3 (1) Nervous System Disorders 47 (20) 20 (9) Syncope 8 (3) 1 (<1) Peripheral neuropathy NOS 8 (3) 0 (0) Cerebrovascular accident 6 (3) 1 (<1) Cardiac Disorders 35 (15) 27 (11) Atrial fibrillation 11 (5) 8 (3) Myocardial ischemia 6 (3) 2 (1) Vascular Disorders 42 (18) 14 (6) Deep vein thrombosis 27 (12) 4 (2) Gastrointestinal Disorders 26 (11) 22 (10) Constipation 7 (3) 2 (1) Investigations 21 (9) 21 (9) Weight increased 8 (3) 4 (2) Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders 24 (10) 17 (7) Neutropenia 8 (3) 6 (3) Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders 27 (12) 13 (6) Pulmonary embolism 16 (7) 4 (2) Psychiatric Disorders 19 (8) 8 (3) Anxiety 5 (2) 3 (1) Confusional state 5 (2) 2 (1) Ear and Labyrinth Disorders 6 (3) 0 (0) Vertigo 5 (2) 0 (0) Less Common Adverse Reactions in Multiple Myeloma Controlled Clinical Trials In Study 2, THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma, the following adverse reactions not described above were reported*: Gastrointestinal disorders: Vomiting NOS, dry mouth, peritonitis, diverticular perforation Nervous system disorders: Somnolence, hypoesthesia, polyneuropathy NOS, transient ischemic attack Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: Bronchitis NOS Psychiatric disorders: Mood alteration NOS Vascular disorders: Hypotension NOS, orthostatic hypotension Cardiac disorders: Bradycardia NOS Eye disorders: Blurred vision * All adverse reactions with ≥3% of patients in THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and with a ≥1% difference in proportion of patients between the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm compared to the placebo/dexamethasone arm. All grade 3/4 and serious adverse reactions reported >2 patients in THALOMID/dexamethasone arm and with a percentage higher in the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm compared to the placebo/dexamethasone arm have been considered for possible inclusion. In any cases medical judgment has been applied for consideration of causality assessment. Adverse Reactions in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) Clinical Trials Table 4 lists treatment-emergent signs and symptoms that occurred in THALOMID-treated patients in clinical trials in ENL. The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) reported in patients with ENL were somnolence, rash, headache. Doses ranged from 50 to 300 mg/day. All adverse reactions were mild to moderate in severity, and none resulted in discontinuation. Table 4: Summary of Adverse Reactions (ARs) Reported in Controlled Clinical Trials All ARs Reported in Patients with ENL ARs Reported in ≥3 HIV-seropositive Patients Body System/ Adverse Reaction THALOMID 50 to 300 mg/day (N=24) n (%) THALOMID 100 mg/day (N=36) n (%) THALOMID 200 mg/day (N=32) n (%) Placebo (N=35) n (%) Blood and Lymphatic 0 8 (22) 13 (41) 10 (29) Anemia 0 2 (6) 4 (13) 3 (9) Leukopenia 0 6 (17) 8 (25) 3 (9) Lymphadenopathy 0 2 (6) 4 (13) 3 (9) Body as a Whole 16 (67) 18 (50) 19 (59) 13 (37) Abdominal pain 1 (4) 1 (3) 1 (3) 4 (11) Accidental injury 1 (4) 2 (6) 0 1 (3) Asthenia 2 (8) 2 (6) 7 (22) 1 (3) Back pain 1 (4) 2 (6) 0 0 Chills 1 (4) 0 3 (9) 4 (11) Facial edema 1 (4) 0 0 0 Fever 0 7 (19) 7 (22) 6 (17) Headache 3 (13) 6 (17) 6 (19) 4 (11) Infection 0 3 (8) 2 (6) 1 (3) Malaise 2 (8) 0 0 0 Neck pain 1 (4) 0 0 0 Neck rigidity 1 (4) 0 0 0 Pain 2 (8) 0 1 (3) 2 (6) Digestive System 5 (21) 16 (44) 16 (50) 15 (43) Anorexia 0 1 (3) 3 (9) 2 (6) Constipation 1 (4) 1 (3) 3 (9) 0 Diarrhea 1 (4) 4 (11) 6 (19) 6 (17) Dry mouth 0 3 (8) 3 (9) 2 (6) Flatulence 0 3 (8) 0 2 (6) Liver function tests multiple abnormalities 0 0 3 (9) 0 Nausea 1 (4) 0 4 (13) 1 (3) Oral moniliasis 1 (4) 4 (11) 2 (6) 0 Tooth pain 1 (4) 0 0 0 Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders 1 (4) 8 (22) 12 (38) 8 (23) Edema peripheral 1 (4) 3 (8) 1 (3) 0 Hyperlipidemia 0 2 (6) 3 (9) 1 (3) SGOT increased 0 1 (3) 4 (13) 2 (6) Nervous System 13 (54) 19 (53) 18 (56) 12 (34) Agitation 0 0 3 (9) 0 Dizziness 1 (4) 7 (19) 6 (19) 0 Insomnia 0 0 3 (9) 2 (6) Nervousness 0 1 (3) 3 (9) 0 Neuropathy 0 3 (8) 0 0 Paresthesia 0 2 (6) 5 (16) 4 (11) Somnolence 9 (38) 13 (36) 12 (38) 4 (11) Tremor 1 (4) 0 0 0 Vertigo 2 (8) 0 0 0 Respiratory System 3 (13) 9 (25) 6 (19) 9 (26) Pharyngitis 1 (4) 3 (8) 2 (6) 2 (6) Rhinitis 1 (4) 0 0 4 (11) Sinusitis 1 (4) 3 (8) 1 (3) 2 (6) Skin and Appendages 10 (42) 17 (47) 18 (56) 19 (54) Acne 0 4 (11) 1 (3) 0 Dermatitis fungal 1 (4) 2 (6) 3 (9) 0 Nail disorder 1 (4) 0 1 (3) 0 Pruritus 2 (8) 1 (3) 2 (6) 2 (6) Rash 5 (21) 9 (25) 8 (25) 11 (31) Rash maculopapular 1 (4) 6 (17) 6 (19) 2 (6) Sweating 0 0 4 (13) 4 (11) Urogenital System 2 (8) 6 (17) 2 (6) 4 (11) Albuminuria 0 3 (8) 1 (3) 2 (6) Hematuria 0 4 (11) 0 1 (3) Impotence 2 (8) 1 (3) 0 0 Other Adverse Reactions Observed in ENL Patients THALOMID in doses up to 400 mg/day has been administered investigationally in the United States over a 19-year period in 1465 patients with ENL. The published literature describes the treatment of an additional 1678 patients. To provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of the individuals having adverse reactions, similar types of events were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using a modified COSTART dictionary/terminology. These categories are used in the listing below. All reported events are included except those already listed in the previous table. Due to the fact that these data were collected from uncontrolled studies, the incidence rate cannot be determined. No causal relationship between THALOMID and these events can be conclusively determined at this time. These are reports of all adverse events noted by investigators in patients to whom they had administered THALOMID. Blood and Lymphatic: ESR decrease, eosinophilia, granulocytopenia, hypochromic anemia, leukemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, MCV elevated, RBC abnormal, spleen palpable, thrombocytopenia. Body as a Whole: Abdomen enlarged, fever, photosensitivity, upper extremity pain. Cardiovascular System: Bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, peripheral vascular disorder, tachycardia, vasodilation. Digestive System: Anorexia, appetite increase/weight gain, dry mouth, dyspepsia, enlarged liver, eructation, flatulence, increased liver function tests, intestinal obstruction, vomiting. Metabolic and Endocrine: ADH inappropriate, amyloidosis, bilirubinemia, BUN increased, creatinine increased, cyanosis, diabetes, edema, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hypoproteinemia, LDH increased, phosphorus decreased, SGPT increased. Muscular Skeletal: Arthritis, bone tenderness, hypertonia, joint disorder, leg cramps, myalgia, myasthenia, periosteal disorder. Nervous System: Abnormal thinking, agitation, amnesia, anxiety, causalgia, circumoral paresthesia, confusion, depression, euphoria, hyperesthesia, insomnia, nervousness, neuralgia, neuritis, neuropathy, paresthesia, peripheral neuritis, psychosis. Respiratory System: Cough, emphysema, epistaxis, pulmonary embolus, rales, upper respiratory infection, voice alteration. Skin and Appendages: Acne, alopecia, dry skin, eczematous rash, exfoliative dermatitis, ichthyosis, perifollicular thickening, skin necrosis, seborrhea, sweating, urticaria, vesiculobullous rash. Special Senses: Amblyopia, deafness, dry eye, eye pain, tinnitus. Urogenital: Decreased creatinine clearance, hematuria, orchitis, proteinuria, pyuria, urinary frequency. Other Adverse Reactions Observed in HIV-seropositive Patients In addition to controlled clinical trials, THALOMID has been used in uncontrolled studies in 145 patients. Less frequent adverse reactions that have been reported in these HIV-seropositive patients treated with THALOMID were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using modified COSTART dictionary/terminology and these categories are used in the listing below. Adverse reactions that have already been included in the tables and narrative above, or that are too general to be informative are not listed. Blood and Lymphatic: Aplastic anemia, macrocytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, microcytic anemia. Body as a Whole: Ascites, AIDS, allergic reaction, cellulitis, chest pain, chills and fever, cyst, decreased CD4 count, facial edema, flu syndrome, hernia, thyroid hormone level altered, moniliasis, photosensitivity reaction, sarcoma, sepsis, viral infection. Cardiovascular System: Angina pectoris, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, deep thrombophlebitis, heart arrest, heart failure, hypertension, hypotension, murmur, myocardial infarct, palpitation, pericarditis, peripheral vascular disorder, postural hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis. Digestive System: Cholangitis, cholestatic jaundice, colitis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, esophagitis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal disorder, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gum disorder, hepatitis, pancreatitis, parotid gland enlargement, periodontitis, stomatitis, tongue discoloration, tooth disorder. Metabolic and Endocrine: Avitaminosis, bilirubinemia, dehydration, hypercholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, increased lipase, increased serum creatinine, peripheral edema. Muscular Skeletal: Myalgia, myasthenia. Nervous System: Abnormal gait, ataxia, decreased libido, decreased reflexes, dementia, dysesthesia, dyskinesia, emotional lability, hostility, hypalgesia, hyperkinesia, incoordination, meningitis, neurologic disorder, tremor, vertigo. Respiratory System: Apnea, bronchitis, lung disorder, lung edema, pneumonia (including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), rhinitis. Skin and Appendages: Angioedema, benign skin neoplasm, eczema, herpes simplex, incomplete Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nail disorder, pruritus, psoriasis, skin discoloration, skin disorder. Special Senses: Conjunctivitis, eye disorder, lacrimation disorder, retinitis, taste perversion. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of THALOMID and are not already included in Clinical Trials Experience [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Blood and Lymphatic: Decreased white blood cell counts including febrile neutropenia, changes in prothrombin time, pancytopenia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, erythroleukemia, lymphedema, lymphopenia. Body as a Whole: Hangover effect Cardiovascular System: Sick sinus syndrome, EKG abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension. Digestive System: Intestinal perforation, gastrointestinal perforations, bile duct obstruction, stomach ulcer, aphthous, stomatitis. Ear and Labyrinthine Disorders: Hearing impairment. Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis, solid organ transplant rejection. Infections and infestations: Severe infections (e.g., fatal sepsis including septic shock), viral infections (including varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B virus reactivation) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Metabolic and Endocrine: Electrolyte imbalance including hypercalcemia, hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia, hypothyroidism, increased alkaline phosphatase, tumor lysis syndrome, myxedema. Nervous System: Changes in mental status or mood including suicide attempts, disturbances in consciousness including lethargy, loss of consciousness or stupor, seizures including grand mal convulsions and status epilepticus, Parkinson's disease, stroke, carpal tunnel, Raynaud's syndrome, migraine, foot drop. Renal and Urinary Disorders: Renal failure, acute renal failure, oliguria, enuresis. Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, metrorrhagia. Respiratory System: Pleural effusion, interstitial lung disease. Skin and Appendages: Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), purpura, petechiae. Special Senses: Diplopia, nystagmus
Drug Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Use caution if other drugs which have sedative and hypnotic properties, slow cardiac conduction and/or cause peripheral neuropathy must be used. ( 7.1 , 7.2 , 7.3 ) • It is not known whether concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives further increases the risk of thromboembolism with THALOMID. ( 5.15 , 7.4 ) • Patients taking concomitant therapies such as erythropoietin stimulating agents or estrogen containing therapies may have an increased risk of thromboembolism. ( 7.7 ) 7.1 Opioids, Antihistamines, Antipsychotics, Anti-anxiety Agents, or Other CNS Depressants (Including Alcohol) The use of opioids, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anti-anxiety agents, or other CNS depressants concomitantly with THALOMID may cause an additive sedative effect and should be avoided. 7.2 Drugs which Cause Bradycardia The use of drugs which slow cardiac conduction concomitantly with THALOMID may cause an additive bradycardic effect and should be used with caution. Cardiovascular medications which may cause bradycardia include calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha/beta-adrenergic blockers, and digoxin. Non-cardiac drugs that may cause bradycardia include H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine, cimetidine), lithium, tricyclic antidepressants and neuromuscular blockers (succinylcholine). In 16 healthy men, the pharmacokinetic profile of a single 0.5 mg digoxin dose was similar with and without the coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day at steady state levels. The single dose of digoxin had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of THALOMID. The safety of long-term concomitant use of THALOMID and digoxin has not been evaluated. 7.3 Drugs which Cause Peripheral Neuropathy The use of drugs which cause peripheral neuropathy (e.g., bortezomib, amiodarone, cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vincristine, disulfiram, phenytoin, metronidazole, alcohol) can cause an additive effect and should be used with caution. 7.4 Hormonal Contraceptives Hormonal contraceptives increase the risk of thromboembolism. It is not known whether concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives further increases the risk of thromboembolism with THALOMID. In 10 healthy women, the pharmacokinetic profiles of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol following administration of a single dose containing 1.0 mg of norethindrone acetate and 75 mcg of ethinyl estradiol were studied. The results were similar with and without coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day to steady-state levels. 7.5 Warfarin In 13 healthy men, the pharmacokinetic profile and international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time for warfarin, following a single oral dose of 25 mg, were similar with and without the coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day at steady-state levels. The single dose of warfarin had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of thalidomide. 7.6 Drugs that Interfere with Hormonal Contraceptives Concomitant use of HIV-protease inhibitors, griseofulvin, modafinil, penicillins, rifampin, rifabutin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or certain herbal supplements such as St. John's Wort with hormonal contraceptive agents may reduce the effectiveness of the contraception up to one month after discontinuation of these concomitant therapies. Therefore, females requiring treatment with one or more of these drugs must use two OTHER effective or highly effective methods of contraception while taking THALOMID. 7.7 Concomitant Therapies that may Increase the Risk of Thromboembolism Erythropoietic agents, or other agents that may increase the risk of thromboembolism, such as estrogen containing therapies, should be used with caution in multiple myeloma patients receiving THALOMID with dexamethasone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ].
Storage & Handling
16.2 Storage This drug must not be repackaged. Store at 20°C- 25°C (68°F -77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30º C (59-86º F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.